农地产权结构变迁视域下土地增值收益的公平分享

农地产权结构是搭建土地增值收益分配与宪法秩序有效链接的重要桥梁.从农地产权结构变迁的视角看,我国传统土地增值收益的国有化机制实际在很大程度上符合1982年宪法所确立的社会主义地租国有原则及地利共享秩序.然而,由于宪法土地条款一开始就被注入了地利分配具有倾向性的思想基因,长此以往便忽视了农民作为整体分享土地增值收益的"另一半宪法秩序".新型城镇化背景下,国家进行了"同地同权"、赋权于"民"的农村土地管理制度改革,其实质是宪法秩序的延续而非替代,我国土地增值收益分配的主要机制仍是征地补偿制度.要实现我国土地增值收益的公平分享,必须回到社会主义"国家—集体"一元论的完整地利共享秩序中来,并遵循实质平等的要求,通过以"人的城镇化"为目标对区片综合地价进行限定、采取倾向于农村及农业发展的"土地财政"政策、打破城乡户籍二元制实现城乡一体化发展等方案,推动农民全过程参与、共享土地利益.     

治理效能视角下公民参与公共服务的制度研究

公民参与公共服务的有序性和有效性并非直接相关,可以从有序性和有效性两个维度分析公民参与及其治理效能的关系.为提升治理效能,以程序性规则为核心的制度设计能更为充分地保障公民有序有效参与公共服务,实现公民与政府之间的良性互动与有序合作.基于全过程民主、程序性权利和共同体秩序等公民参与的程序性价值维度考量,再以环境保护领域中的公民参与为例,从公开公示机制、意见表达机制、回应吸纳机制、监督评价机制和责任追究机制等方面构建公民全过程参与制度,并探索公民参与的方法和策略.通过公民参与的程序性价值内化、方法创新与技术转型来推进治理体系和治理能力现代化.     

The experiences of privately practising midwives in Australia who have been reported to the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency: A qualitative study

BackgroundIn Australia the majority of homebirths are attended by privately practising midwives (PPMs). In recent years PPMs have been increasingly reported to the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) mostly by other health professionals.Purposeto explore the experiences of PPMs in Australia who have been reported to the AHPRA.MethodsA qualitative interpretive approach, employing in-depth interviews with eight PPMs was undertaken and analysed using thematic analysis. A feminist theoretical framework was used to underpin the research.ResultsThe majority of reports made to AHPRA occurred when midwives supported women who chose care considered outside the recommended Australian College of Midwives (ACM) Consultation and Referral Guidelines. During data analysis an overarching theme emerged, “Caught between women and the system”, which described the participants’ feelings of working as a PPM in Australia. There were six themes and several sub-themes: The suppression of midwifery, A flawed system, Lack of support, Devastation on so many levels, Making changes in the aftermath and Walking a tight rope forever. The findings from this study reveal that midwives who are under investigation suffer from emotional and psychological distress. Understanding the effects of the process of investigation is important to improve the quality of professional and personal support available to PPMs who are reported to AHPRA and to streamline processes.ConclusionIt is becoming increasingly difficult for PPMs to support the wishes and needs of individual women and also meet the requirements of the regulators, as well as the increasingly risk averse health service.     

Challenges of operationalizing trauma‐informed practice in child protection services in New Zealand

New Zealand is undergoing major change in service delivery to children and families. A new Ministry for Children Oranga Tamariki has been established to oversee 5 work streams, one of which provides intensive intervention with families requiring a statutory response to child protection concerns. The government minister responsible promised that the service would be child‐centred and trauma‐informed. To date, these terms remain undefined, and there is no shared understanding of their meaning. Practice frameworks to support the work of the new ministry are still being developed, creating something of a vacuum in the meantime. The focus of this paper is the challenge of implementing trauma‐informed practice in the child protection service provided by the Intensive Intervention work stream. Limited research or commentary on trauma‐informed practice in this context currently exists. Drawing on the relevant available literature, the concept and its application in child protection social work is explored. An ecological framework is used to discuss the changes needed to achieve this. Particular attention is paid to the impact of historical trauma for indigenous people due to New Zealand's colonial history and their over‐representation in care and protection services.     

我国中小学校园欺凌问题研究及薄弱环节——基于CNKI文献关键词的共词分析

随着一系列恶性事件被媒体曝光，社会各界普遍关注和担忧校园欺凌问题，如何解决这一问题，已成为社会焦点。通过共词分析法对我国中小学校园欺凌问题研究现状进行考察发现，其研究主题主要包括六大类：校园欺凌行为特征研究、校园欺凌与学校管理的关系研究、校园欺凌与人际交往的关系研究、校园欺凌的成因与对策研究、校园欺凌的预防与治理研究、校园欺凌的社会问题研究，而研究的薄弱环节则主要包括品格教育研究、学生自我保护研究以及网络欺凌问题研究。因此，校园欺凌问题研究亟待进一步深化，研究视角也需进一步拓展。首先，除欺凌者、被欺凌者之外，旁观者也应纳入研究范畴，要将欺凌者和被欺凌者实施隔离，对受欺凌者要及时给予心理疏导，引导旁观者积极主动地帮助被欺凌者；其次，建议尽快出台相关的法律法规，为学校、教师及相关部门有效处理、解决校园欺凌问题提供法律支持及保障；最后，将综合预防与治理相结合，建立由学校、教师、学生组成的反欺凌共同体。     

Staff and family attitudes to fences as a means of detaining people with dementia in residential aged care settings: The tension between physical and emotional safety

This study investigates staff and family attitudes towards the use of the fences that surround many aged care facilities in Australia, in the context of indefinite detention of people with dementia. This indefinite detention has been described in a report from an Australian Senate Inquiry as “a significant problem within the aged care context”, which “is often informal, unregulated and unlawful”. Five focus groups comprising direct care workers, family members, nurse unit managers and facility managers discussed the reasons for and their attitudes towards fences. The results show a tension between the provision of physical and emotional safety. This is to say that even while it is illegal to detain people with dementia against their will, and even while participants understood the negative impact of fences on the well‐being and emotional safety of people with dementia, they accepted and supported the presence of perimeter fences because they provided the perception that fences kept people with dementia physically safe. This has implications for redressing the balance between physical and emotional safety in policy and practice.     

Challenges and dilemmas working with high‐conflict families in child protection casework

Social workers within child protection services report that families marked by high levels of conflict between separated parents are among the most challenging cases to handle. Few studies however have focussed on how social workers themselves experience and meet with parents involved in hostile martial interactions. This article reports on a qualitative study involving 31 social workers and provides an analysis of their experiences and dilemmas in working with such families. Findings demonstrate that social workers struggle to find ways to help high‐conflict families and often find themselves at an impasse. Parents involved in such conflict are highly resistant to change, and social workers struggle to engage with them over concerns about their children. Furthermore, findings suggest that social workers lack organizationally allotted time to assist the parents. I conclude by discussing ways in which emotional support, empowering interventions, and strength‐based approaches enable social workers to manage relationships with high‐conflict families. More research on this topic is needed to support and promote better practices for social workers to be more effective in assisting high‐conflict families.     

有限责任公司涉章决议中的股权保护——基于对公司法人理论的思考

伴随《中华人民共和国民法总则》以及《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定（四）》的施行，公司章程在公司法人治理中的地位进一步得到提升。但现代性条件下股东、公司法人以及外部社会之间的张力尚存，且现有法人理论不足以支撑公司尤其是有限责任公司的治理实践。为更好地规范涉章决议以避免其侵害股东权益，仍需进一步发掘我国公司法人理论。从股东在有限责任公司法人共同体中的特殊性权利义务出发，在公司法人差异化，章程、股东权类型化的前提下实现股东合法利益的最大化。     

L'adoption par l'OIT d'une approche fondée sur la durabilité et ses conséquences sur le droit d'expression collective des travailleurs

L'action de l'OIT pour le développement durable s'est d'abord organisée autour des notions de «transition juste» et d'«emplois verts», en lien avec la protection de l'environnement. Aujourd'hui, les objectifs du développement durable devraient permettre à l'Organisation de se saisir pleinement de la dimension sociale du développement durable, grâce à l'ODD 8, qui mentionne le travail décent, et à la cible 16.7 sur la participation à la prise de décisions. L'auteure examine comment l'OIT pourrait promouvoir l'expression collective des travailleurs dans le contexte du débat sur un «avenir du travail durable» et cherche à déterminer qui doit avoir un droit d'expression et comment celui-ci doit s'exercer.     

‘Seeing through their Eyes’: Towards Understanding Risk and Protection Perspectives of Young Bedouin Children in the Unrecognised Villages of the Naqab

This article is based on a participatory, context-informed study that examined perception of ‘risk’ and ‘protection’ among 30 Bedouin children aged four to five. It was conducted in the Bedouin unrecognised villages — Southern Israel and utilised photography, drawings and verbal explanations. The analysis yielded seven themes representing children’s perceptions of risk and protection. It indicated that children facing extreme adversity were aware of numerous risk conditions, including a lack of infrastructure and the fear of losing their homes, thus adversely affecting their well-being. Children’s insights, and suggested modes of protection, as the study findings reveal, are crucial for promoting children’s welfare.